From Astra-1 BVRAAM to QR-SAM To SR-SAM To Akash-NG SL-QRM

 Astra-1 BVRAAM

Army-Specific QR-SAM

Navy-Specific VL SR-SAM

Air Force-Specific Akash-NG SL-QRM

Here is the soundbyte from the Pakistan Information Minister, saying it will be the JS-10:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YljgMgD5CeA

In reality, it will be the J-10CE MRCA, which is the export designation of ex-PLAAF J-10B variant, whose poster I have uploaded below. The PAF’s decision to acquire them were known last year itself, as evidenced by this video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exj8iYUkh5o

In fact, I had written late last year itself in FORCE magazine that a PAF contingent had arrived in November 2020 at the PLAAF’s flight-test/evaluation & operational conversion air base at Dingxin (40.4014015 N, 99.7893982 E) for operational conversion to the J-10B, which uses the KLJ-7 (Type-1478) MMR developed by CETC’s 14th Research Institute (also known as the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronic Technology, or NRIET). The KLJ-7’s look-up detection range is 105km and look-down range is 85km, and it offers only 14 modes of operation. Efforts by the PAF to procure the Grifo-S7 (on the JF-17) for the J-10B have been unsuccessful. The PAF wanted this MMR as it has more than 30 different operational modes offered to support air-to-air and air-to-surface missions, and navigation. Utilising low, medium and high PRF for optimal target detection in any clutter condition, and incorporating adaptive pulse compression technology, this air-cooled MMR has a scanning coverage +/-60 degrees in both azimuth and elevation, weighs less than 120kg and has a MTBF in excess of 220 hours. Look-up detection range is 150km, while look-down range is 100km. Up to 10 targets can be tracked in TWS mode.

The PL-10E SRAAM (see uploaded poster above) is in reality a re-engineered variant of the LUCH-developed ‘Gran’ (Verge) from Ukraine. The latter was first showcased back in 2006. The Gran incorporates a PR-611 combined aerodynamic and gas dynamic control system. The missile is 2.5 metres long, 170mm in diameter, weighs 105kg and its aerodynamic scheme uses cruciform wings of long chord and narrow span, plus cruciform tail surfaces—all also found on the PL-10E, which is intended to allow all-aspect engagement of highly manoeuvrable airborne targets (up to 12 G) flying at speeds of up to 1,500 Knots and altitudes of 65,000 feet. It can be launched from aircraft flying at 350-1,350 Knots, and has a maximum flight-time of 25 seconds and has a maximum range of 20km and a minimum range of 300 metres during rear-hemisphere attacks. The PL-10E features a multi-element, two-colour thermal imaging IR seeker with a 180-degree look angle and 120-degree/second track rate. High agility is provided by using body lift and thrust vector control. The inertial measurement unit (IMU) can handle up to +/-500 degrees/second) G-loads and linear accelerations up to 30 G.

The PL-12 BVRAAM (not the PL-15, which is not integrated with any J-10 variant) for the J-10B is equipped with active radar-homing seeker developed by Radionix of Ukraine (see uploaded poster below). It uses a dual-thrust solid rocket motor and can exceed Mach 4 and endure 38 G. The missile’s omnidirectional sensors are accurate to within 1 metre. Its active radar seeker is the Ka-band ‘Onyx’ from Radionix, which has a range of 25km, search area of +/-40 degrees in azimuth and elevation and offers “fire-and-forget” capabilities. It has a 24kg warhead and uses a radio proximity fuse. Initial versions of the PL-12 had used the Russia-origin Agat/Istok 9B-1350E Ku-band seekers. All the above-mentioned data had been published in the November 2021 issue of FORCE magazine.

Now to the most important data: Due to national financial bankruptsy, the PAF has been unable to secure product-support from the US for its F-16 fleet and consequently fleet cannibalisation is now being resorted to. At the same time, since Russia has not authorised China to re-export AL-31FN turbofans, China is LEASING the J-10Bs to the PAF, i.e. the PAF will not be the owner of the J-10Bs and they will be returned after China starts delivering the twin-engined Shenyang FC-35s to the PAF by 2025. This now has resulted in a severe air-defence vulnerability/gap that the PAF cannot address/fill and it is precisely due to this that the Pakistan Army has had to induct HQ-9P/FD-2000 HIMADS and LY-80E LOMADS for securing its own air-defence requirements, instead of relying on the PAF.

No variants of the FWS-10 turbofan are in service with any China-developed MRCA since the turbofan is still plagued by compressor-blade failures. Same goes for the low-TBOs (less than 80 hours) of the TVC nozzles (compared to 200 hours of those of the Su-30MKI). Hence the PAF J-10Bs won’t have them on-board, contrary to what several internet fanboys are speculating about.

Construction Of IAF's 'Desi' BMD Network Underway

Following 16 years of software develpment and eight years of hardware development and engineerng with the help of Israel Aerospace Industries and TADIRAN, Phase-1 of of the Indian Air Force’s ballistic missile defence (BMD) network is now under construction under Project Swordfish, which encompasses the building of four L-band long-range tracking radar (LRTR) sites (near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, near Jaipur and another south of Gandwa in Rajasthan, and at an as-yet unidentified site in Uttarakhand)—all of which will be focussed along India’s western air-defence identification zone (ADIZ). Construction activities are slated for completion by mid-2023.

Under Phase-2, three additional LRTR sites will be built (with construction already commencing earlier ths year) to cater for the northern and northeastern portions of the IAF’s ADIZ.

Separately, work will commence next year on the construction of 12 L-band High-Power Radar sites—eight facing the LAC and four facing the IB, WB and LoC.

In addition, the DRDO-owned LRDE laboratory is developing a C-band (UHF-band) high-power and wide-scanning active phased-array radar for use with the DRDO-developed XR-SAM long-range SAM, which will make use of Ka-band active RF seeker for terminal guidance.

Garpun Bal-E Makes Way For Scanter-6002 On Project 15B INS Visakhapatnam DDG

At first glance, the most obvious improvement on the Indian Navy’s first Project 15B guided-missile destroyer (DDG) INS Visakhapatnam is the inclusion of the TERMA/TATA Aerospace & Defence-supplied X-band Scanter-6002 multi-function surface-search radar that does away with the earlier Russia-origin 3TS-25E Garpun Bal-E (built by JSC Concern Granit-Electron), which still exists on board the Project 17 FFGs, Project 15 and Project 15A DDGs, plus the Project 1241RE Molniya FAC-Ms and Project 25A corvettes.

And above the helicopter hanger in the stern section can be the 12.7mm remote-controlled weapon stations that were supplied by Israel’s ELBIT Systems and the former Ordnance Factory Board (OFB).

So, the principal RF-based radars on board INS Visakhapatnam are the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR S-band multifunction active phased-array radar, the THALES-BEL RAWL-02/PLN-517/LW-08 L-band air-search radar and the Scanter-6002 surface-search radar that will provide fire-control cues for both the OTOBreda/BHEL 76/62 SRGM and the BrahMos-1 supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles.

However, over the years, a wide variety of radars from different OEMs have entered service. For instance, the three Project 17 guided-missile frigates (FFG) have the MR-760 Fregat M2EM D/E-band multifunction radars, EL/M-2238 STAR air-search radars, and the 3TS-25E Garpun Bal-E surface-search radars for target engagement with Novator 3M54E supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles, and the EL/M-2221 STGR radars for the SRGM’s fire-control.

The three Project 15A DDGs use the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR S-band multifunction active phased-array radars, THALES-BEL RAWL-02/PLN-517/LW-08 L-band air-search radars, and the 3TS-25E Garpun Bal-E surface-search radars for target engagement with BrahMos-1 supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles and for fire-control of the 76/62 SRGMs.

The six Project 1135.6 FFGs imported from Russia use the MR-760 Fregat M2EM D/E-band multifunction radars, 3TS-25E Garpun Bal-Es Mineral-ME radars for surface-search, and the Ratep JSC 5P-10E Puma fire-control system for AK-176 naval guns. The last is now being replaced by the Lynx-U2 NGFCS for fire-control of the retrofitted 76/62 SRGMs on board the three Batch-1 Project 1135.6 FFGs (after their mid-life refits).

The four Project 28 ASW corvettes make use of the Revathi S-band air-search radar (replacing the earlier MR-352 Positiv-E surface-search radars) and Lynx-U2 NGFCS (for the 76/62 SRGMs), as do the Project 1241RE Molniya FAC-Ms and three Project 25A corvettes.

The IAC-1 aircraft carrier uses the RAN-40L air-search radar supplied by SELEX Sistemi Integrati (subsidiary of the Leonardo Group) and the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR radar, while the seven Project 17A FFGs will have on board the EL/M-2248 MF-STARs and the 3-D all-digital LTR-25 L-band air-/surface-search radars supplied by Spain’s INDRA.

However, an impressive degree of commonality has been achieved in the arena of electronic warfare with the fleet-wide installation of the Nayan COMINT suite, Shakti jammer suite, the Varuna ESM suite, the Maareech torpedo decoy suite, the Kavach countermeasures dispenser suite and the ORBIT-supplied RUKMANI naval VSATs for Data-Linking.

The Project 15B DDGs are also the third warship-types to be built with DMR-249A steel, with the first being the IAC-1, followed by the four Project 28 ASW corvettes.