Punitive, Targetted Medium Field Artillery Fire-Assaults With PGMs

The Indian Army (IA) on April 10, 2020 carried out its fifth punitive, targetted medium field artillery fire-assault (between last October and to date) against Pakistan Army (PA) field artillery and related administrative firm bases located across the LoC at Dudhnial in the Neelum Valley (34 41 58.21 N, 74 09 25.31 E) of the Keran sector.

This fire-assault was to avenge the deaths of five 4 Para-SF soldiers of the IA who were involved in an extremely close-quarter combat (under OP Rangduri Behak) with five heavily-armed Pakistani terrorists (who also were killed in the process) in the Keran sector on April 7. IA HQ, along with Lt Gen Yogesh Kumar Joshi General Officer-Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) of HQ Northern Command and Lt Gen B S Raju, GOC of the XV ‘Chinar’ Corps, had taken a very serious note of such losses suffered by the IA and thereafter it was decided to commence in a calibrated escalation of fire-assaults involving the usage of the newly-inducted M-777 ultralightweight 155mm/39-cal field howitzers and M982 Excalibur GPS-guided 155mm projectiles.

PA’s Administrative Base in Dudhnial

PA’s Field Artillery Base in Dudhnial

The IA conducted its first targetted medium field artillery fire-assault with the M-777/M982 Excalibur combination on October 20, 2019 in the Tangdhar sector of Kupwara district along the LoC by pounding areas in Pakistan’s Nauseri sector of Muzaffarabad district and its adjoining Jura sector in the Neelum Valley. While four terrorist launch-pads in the Neelum Valley were hit, launch-pads in Jura, Athamuqam and Kundalshahi were also decimated in the fire-assaults in the wee hours.

PA Gunpits at Sharda Peeth

This was followed by another similar fire-assault on December 4 in which four terrorist launch-pads were destroyed at Athmuqam in the neelum valley. The third fire-assault was carried out on December 26, 2019 in the Uri/Haji Pir sector to retaliate against the PA’s shelling of Baramulla’s Uri and Bandipora’s Gurez sectors in Jammu & Kashmir Union Territory. The fourth fire-assault took place in the Tangdhar and Poonch sectors on February 24 and 25, 2020.

IA’s Panzgam Field Artillery Base in Kupwara

IA’s Field Artillery Base at Keran

IA’s Field Artillery Base North of Tangdhar

The PA, however, is unlikely to cease its infiltration attempts anytime soon, since the bulk of its manpower deployments within PoK comprise irregular combatants. Pakistan’s ground forces deployment in what it calls AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan (together making up PoK) is 150,000 troops, but of this, only 22% belong to the PA and these comprise personnel serving with the Northern Light Infantry (NLI), plus other Regiments hailing from Pakistan's Punjab, Sindh and Balochistan provinces.

The bulk of the combatants include the 60,000-strong Mujahid Force and the 40,000-strong Jaanbaaz Force that are not officially part of the PA’s ORBAT, but they nevertheless come under the command of the PA’s Rawalpindi HQed X Corps. Both the Mujahid Force and the Jaanbaaz Force exist as irregular combatants and owe allegiance to the ‘Azad Kashmir Regiment’, which has 32 Infantry Battalions distributed among 8 Brigades.

The 1 AK Brigade is located in Muzaffarabad, the 2 AK Brigade in Rawalakot, the 3 AK Brigade in Kotli (has an area of responsibility located opposite to the Rajouri, Poonch, Naushera and Sunderbani sectors), the 4 AK Brigade in Bandli, the 5 AK Brigade in Dhani, the 6 AK Brigade in Bagh, the 7 AK Brigade in Bhimber, and the 32 AK Brigade in Kel. The Mujahid Force comprises the 640, 641, 647, 652, 654, 655, 815, 834, 841, and 886 Battalions of the Pakistan Army. The 656 Battalion is the Mujahid Force Training Centre at Bhimber.

The Gilgit-based HQ Force Commander Gilgit-Baltistan (FCGB) has under its command four Infantry Brigades—32 AK in Kel, 62 in Skardu, 80 in Minimarg, and 323 at Dansum. Back in 1999, the NLI had comprised of 14 Battalions (from 1 to 14). Since then, three more Battalions--15, 16 and 17 NLI—were raised. Of these, the 3, 4, 5 and 7 Battalions took part in the intrusions across the Batalik-Chorbat La-Turtuk sectors back in 1999. Elements of the 12 NLI occupied Tiger Hill and the Mushkoh Valley, while the 6 and 11 NLI were spread across the Drass-Tololing-Kaksar sectors. A 1993 study of the PA had showed the recruitment to the NLI from Gilgit to be at 55%, from Baltistan 35% and from other regions 10%. The ethnic composition of the NLI Battalions shows that they consist of 18% Sunnis, 49% Shias, 23% are Ismailees and 10% are Noor Bakshis.

If punitive, targetted fire-assaults of a sustained nature are to be mounted as a counter-artillery bombardment measure (meaning, the destruction of the enemy’s field artillery assets), then the emerging, predominant trend worldwide is in favour of using not tube artillery operating from static gunpits, but rocket artillery, especially quick-reaction surface-to-surface battlefield support missiles (SS-BSM). Presently, apart from the Lockheed Martin-built MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATacMS), such SS-BSM families have been developed only by China and the Republic of Korea (South Korea).

The Lockheed Martin-built 610mm MGM-140 Army Tactical Missile System (ATacMS) weighs 1,670kg (3,690lb), is 13 feet (3.96 metres) high, has a diameter of 24 inches (2 feet, or 610mm), finspan of 1.4 metres, and has a weapons payload of either 560kg (1,240lb) or a 227kg (500lb) unitary warhead. Service ceiling is 50km, while the range is up to 300km. The powerplant is an Atlantic Research-built 40,000lb (18,144kg) static thrust solid-propellant rocket. Inertial guidance is provided by a Honeywell H700-3A ring-laser gyroscope coupled to a GPS receiver using secure, high-accuracy PY-code navigational updates from the US’ Navstar constellation of GPS satellites. When an ATacMS comes down, the warhead is descending from as high as 50km, and moving in excess of Mach 3.  The M74 warhead dispenses either 950 M74 spherical shaped-fragmenting bomblets, or M42 anti-personnel/anti-materiel (APAM) sub-munitions that are cast forward at a 45-degree angle over the target area, producing a 33,000 square-metre (360,000 square feet) footprint. Another type of sensor-fuzed munitions (SFM), once dispensed, glide to their pre-programmed target area, and each selects a target within its assigned acoustic segment of the formation. Once a target has been acquired by the terminal infra-red seeker, the weapon guides to terminal impact and uses a tandem shaped-charge warhead to destroy the selected armoured vehicle. Effectively, 18 ATacMS equals the impact of 792 155mm artillery rounds. ATacMS’ launch can be as much as 30 degrees off axis, and the missile is steered aerodynamically by electrically-actuated control-fins during the descent phase, modifying the flight path from a ballistic parabola. Offsetting the launch angle and descending semi-ballistically complicates the enemy’s ability to trace trajectory back to the launch vehicle. Back in January 1991 during OP Desert Storm, 32 such missiles were fired from the M-270 MLRS, while 450 were fired during OP Iraqi Freedom. In 2002, South Korea’s RoK Army purchased 111 ATACMS Block I and 110 ATACMS Block IA missiles, which were deployed in 2004. An affiliated company of the Hanwha Group license-produced the munitions for the missiles.

NORINCO of China’s complete AR-3 MBRL weighs 45 tonnes and has a cruising range of 650km on roads. It can be fitted with two pods each of four 370mm rockets, or two pods each of five 300mm rockets. These can be a mix of guided and unguided rockets. There are at least three types of 300mm unguided rockets: BRC3 with a maximum range of 70km and fitted with a cargo warhead; BRC4 with a maximum range of 130km and a cargo warhead; and BRE2 with a maximum range of 130km and fitted with a high-explosive warhead. The BRE3 (or FD-140A) is a 300mm guided rocket with a maximum range of 130km. There are two 370mm guided rocket options, the BRE6 (FD-220) with a maximum range of 220km and the BRE8 (FD-280), offering a maximum range of 280km. A 30-metre CEP is claimed for these weapons.

The FD in the designation means ‘Fire Dragon’. This family of SS-BSMs allows the AR-3 to engage targets at a range between 20km and 280km. The AR-3 has adopted a universal launching platform to fire 750mm tactical missiles, 380mm anti-ship missiles, and 370mm/300mm guided-rockets. As of now, members of the Fire Dragon SS-BSM family comprise the 130km-range, 300mm Fire Dragon-140A, 220km-range, 370mm Fire Dragon-220, 280km-range Fire Dragon-280A, 360km-range Fire Dragon-480, and the 610mm King Dragon-300.

Hanwha Systems, along with South Korea’s state-owned Agency for Defense Development (ADD), has developed the Chunmoo family of SS-BSMs since 2011 at a cost of US$418 million. SS-BSMs developed to date comprise the 80km-range, 239mm Chunmoo-1; 180km-range, 400mm Chunmoo-2; and 300km-range, 600mm Chunmoo-3 SS-BSMs.

The Chunmoo’s vertical launcher has room for two—one in each of its two independently elevating pods. The launcher alternatively can carry 40 Guryong 130mm rockets, 12 Chunmoo-1s (239mm) or four rounds of the Chunmoo-2 (400mm) and two rounds of the Chunmoo-3. All such SS-BSMs use bunker-bursting penetrator warheads.

For the IA, there are two long-range rocket artillery options that can be series-produced. One is the Pinaka-2 MBRL that can fire 214mm guided-rockets out to a range of 75km with a CEP of 2 metres, while the other is the 380mm Prahar SS-BSM with a range of 200km with a CEP of 20 metres when using a ring laser gyro-based inertial navigation system. The CEP can be reduced to 2 metres if a IRNSS/NAVIC-aided navigation system is used.

Projectiles With PGK Versus

Rockets With PGK

Even though sensor-fuzed munitions (SFM) are very expensive, their effect is so superior that their use is cost-effective for counter-artillery bombardments in comparison to either cluster sub-munitions or unitary artillery rounds. For all unguided weapons, the ability to hit the target is a function of the environment and the properties of the launching unit, be it a howitzer or a combat aircraft. Meteorological factors are also of importance, but that is also the case for other weapons. The main difference between cluster sub-munitions and unitary weapons is the descent phase, i.e. from the ejection of the sub-munitions to the impact on ground or target. Usually, the deviation due to wind during that phase is insignificant compared to the other factors that influence the accuracy. This factor is most pronounced when bomblets are ejected from aircraft-attached dispensers at high altitude. It is also important to note that the lack of accuracy due to wind is uncorrelated with most other sources of error for the system. This means that there is no connection between the bomblet wind-error and errors concerning launching, aiming, positioning and so on.

This further implies that such an error does not add linearly to the other errors. As an example, a howitzer may have an error in the positioning of the bomblet ejection point of say 200 metres. The error due to the fall phase wind-error could be 40 metres. The total error will thus be around 204 metres and not 240 metres, as it would be if the errors were correlated. Thus, we see that it is the largest components of the error budget that dominates the total error, and that smaller uncorrelated errors may become quite insignificant.

The use of rocket-propelled field artillery like MBRLs to some extent overcomes these limitations and difficulties. In addition, the load on the payload is much more benign when being fired by a rocket than from a howitzer. A howitzer may load the shell to more than 20,000 G, while a MBRL-launched rocket may not exceed 1,000 G. However, unguided rockets are notoriously inaccurate, as they are very prone to wind-gusts during the boost phase. This phase typically takes place in the lower 500–800 metres of the atmosphere, a region characterised by having quite variable and unpredictable wind-fields. The inaccuracy of a MBRL-launched rocket is thus at least twice as high as for a tube artillery round fired at the same range. Rockets are thus well-suited for firing very advanced sub-munitions like SFMs. Such rockets are guided by a combination of GPS and INS. The accuracy of such systems is usually 2 metres or better. This implies that such systems can be considered as point target weapons. Provided that the target coordinates are set correctly, that the target is within range of the system, and that it arrives fully intact to the target, the collateral damage inflicted by such weapons is minimal.

A SFM is guided in the sense that the warhead has a detector that scans the target area. If a target is sensed, the warhead fires a kinetic-energy projectile against it. There are no thrust control rockets or mechanical devices that actively steers the warhead. The term “self-aiming warhead” may thus be the most descriptive term. This is indeed a high-tech and very expensive type of cluster munition. A SFM usually comprises a cylindrical high-explosive warhead of the EFP-type (Explosively-Formed Projectile). The lower end of the warhead is shaped like a bottom-up saucer. Upon detonation, this saucer is inverted and formed into a carrot-like projectile with a velocity of around 2km/second. If the design is right, this projectile will get an aerodynamically stable shape, making it capable of maintaining its penetrative capacity even when fired at a range of 200 metres from the target. This projectile is intended to hit and perforate the roof of any armoured target. It may perforate an RHA armour of more than 150mm thickness, creating a hole of roughly 10cm in diameter, with devastating results to the target. However, it cannot be claimed that any hit with an SFM projectile implies a confirmed kill. Probably 2 to 4 hits are required. The projectile can be made of iron, copper or tantalum. The latter is the most promising material because of its high density at around 16kg/cubic metre. The sensor usually contains at least two of the following four modes: infra-red sensor to detect hot targets, optionally at different wavelengths; active millimetre wave radar to detect the range to the target; passive millimetre radar (radiometer) to detect objects hidden by camouflage or vegetation; and a laser scanner that recognizes the height contour of a possible target.

When the sub-munitions are released in air, their speed is first decreased by a balute before it enters a stable descent phase by a parachute, an airfoil or a pair of flaps. The sensory device is then folded out and activated. The sub-munition will inherit the spin of the original projectile. However, the sensory device, or other mechanical features, makes the whole sub-munition asymmetric, the axis of spin will then be oblique to the natural axis of the warhead. The rotational movement will therefore be nutational and the sensory device will make a scan track on the ground that is like an inward turning spiral. If the sensor discovers anything that is identified as a target, it fires the projectile at it. The search phase usually starts at an altitude of around 300 metres above ground. The nutational axis may have around 30-degree obliquity. Thus, the scan area may have a radius of around 180 metres. For tube artillery ammunition, where there are two sub-munitions per round, while the scan areas have their centres separated by around 300 metres, so that the areas have a slight overlap.

Consider a target area where there are 30 metres of trenches per 1,000 square metres of target area. The trenches mare all 1-metre wide. The probability that a bomblet will fall into a trench is then 3%. We may further assume that the design of the trench is such that a bomblet dropping into it will have a lethal area of 3 square metres. For a 155mm cargo shell having 88 bomblets, the total lethal area will then be 88 x 0.03 x 3 square metres = 8 square metres. The possibility that a soldier may be injured by two or more bomblets is then neglected. A wider trench will increase the lethal area.

SFMs, now widely deployed after 30 years in the development stage, is a far better alternative than conventional and passive bomblets when targetting hostile entrenched infantry positions. The very size and impulse of the projectile being projected against the target from sensor-fuzed warheads makes it difficult to find a viable protection. Even if SFMs are expensive, they seem to give far better cost-effectiveness than both unitary and cluster munitions.

For rocket-artillery systems like the Smerch-M MBRL (developed by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise SPLAV State Research and Production Association) , the MOTIV-3M SPBE was developed by Joint Stock Company Scientific Production Association BAZALT (JSC SPA BAZALT) in the 1980s, with the intent to produce a SFM capable of engaging multiple armoured vehicles and field artillery systems simultaneously. This work was awarded the State Prize of the USSR in 1991. Each Smerch-M rocket contains 15 MOTIV-3M SPBE (samopritselivayushchiysya boyevoy element) sub-munitions, which use infra-red seekers to target armoured vehicles and howitzers.

The later model SPBE-D sub-munition employs a dual-mode IR seeker, whilst the SPBE-K also includes a millimetre-wave radio-frequency sensor that can pick up cold vehicles with engines turned off. The latest sub-munitions can be operated in conjunction with an identification friend or foe (IFF) system. However this is not a function of the SPBE model. The sub-munition functions after a predetermined time delay, ejecting the parachute-equipped sub-munitions. These spin in a controlled fashion, sweeping the area below for targets. Upon functioning, the SPBE series sub-munitions fire an explosively-formed penetrator (EFP), which is believed to be capable of penetrating approximately 70mm of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) at an angle of 30 degrees, from a distance of 100 metres. Some details on the sub-munitions’ guidance and control can be found in a Russian patent, lodged by BAZALT in 2006 (link below).

http://www.freepatent.ru/images/patents/136/2329457/patent-2329457.pdf

For artillery shells, the correct performance of the munition depends on the functioning of the main fuze of the carrier. This fuze should, at a predefined time, ignite another charge that, consequently, opens the container and releases the payload. If that fuze fails, and no payload is released, the shell will suffer a monolithic ground impact. Most artillery and mortar rounds hit the ground with a speed of 300–400 metres/second if the fuze fails. If the ground is soft (as is the case throughout J & K UT and PoK), the projectile will usually penetrate the ground and remain buried. In urban, mountainous and stony terrain, there is a certain chance that the projectile will suffer considerable damage and thereby eject the whole payload or parts of the payload. Bomblets thrown out at such an event may not have time to arm properly and may therefore likely become duds. However, such duds will have less probability of being sensitive to handle, but they should still be handled with utmost care.

A fully guided artillery projectile is intended to be fired from current 155mm howitzers, but the projectile has a set of wings for the purpose of de-spinning, gliding and manoeuvring. Both the range and precision will then be dramatically improved compared with traditional projectiles. An alternative solution for improvement of precision is to develop a special fuze that enables some kind of guidance or rather course correction. This concept is now known as the “Precision Guided Kit” (PGK).

The kit is an advanced fuze that, in addition to the safety and arming functions, is equipped with GPS navigation and two pairs of winglets that make course-corrections along the trajectory. The kit is decoupled from the rest of the projectile by a ball-bearing joint, so that the projectile body spins as before, while the kit does not. It is likely that this kind of kit can compensate for the inaccuracy of the current 155mm tube artillery-launched projectiles, and that it is able to increase the precision by at least one order of magnitude. Another advantage of such a concept is that the current stock of unitary artillery munitions can be exploited as it is. Only the fuze part has to be exchanged.

Several types of such 155mm projectiles exist today. France’s NEXTER Systems has developed the Menhir Mk.I, which comes equipped with a duck empennage, an inertial measurement unit (IMU)and a GPS system to offer a CEP of less than 10 metres. The Mk.2 variant will be guided on the ground by a manportable laser target designator, reducing the CEP to 2 metres. NEXTER also hopes to extend its maximum range to 60km by working on reducing the drag of the base and by adding additional fins which, deployed at the peak of shooting, will allow the shell to, literally hover. Other particularly innovative options are also being studied, such as retargetting the shell and resistance to GPS countermeasures. NEXTER has also started to reflect on the evolution of the explosive charges dedicated to “intelligent” shells. These “charges 2.0” will be produced by 3-D printing using in particular alumide, a very resistant polyamide and aluminum alloy. The resulting complex architecture, designed according to the target, will optimise the fragmentation of the shells for an ideal distribution of the fragments.

Another NEXTER-developed 155mm projectile is the KATANA, whose guidance is ensured by a hybridisation between a GNSS signal receiver and an IMU. In the future, sub-metre-scale precision will be accessible through the addition of an optional semi-active laser distance gauge.

Orbital ATK Armament Systems M1156 PGK (which has been on offer to India since 2016), equipped with a GPS receiver, can be attached to a standard shell, converting it into a missile with a declared accuracy of 5 metres. Orbital ATK’s PGK is much cheaper than EXCALIBUR (the unit price is less than US$10,000 and could even drop to $3,000 per unit with a major order), but is believed to be less accurate than EXCALIBUR. It also provides traditional fuze functions for height-of-burst and point detonation.

Israel Aerospace Industries’ TopGun converts standard artillery ammunition into a precision-guided weapon, by using a guidance integrated fuze, without significantly altering firing routines. TopGun performs 2-D correction of the ballistic trajectory, i.e. it reduces dispersion in both range and deflection for less than 20-metrer CEP at any range.

BAE Systems/ROKAR’s Silver Bullet is a self-contained unit that screws into the fuze-well of a 155mm shell. The rear portion of the unit spins with the shell, but the forward part remains stable. Included in the unit is a multipurpose fuze with point, delay and proximity options. Mounted on the guidance section are moving canards that cater for fire-correction. The ability of the round to self-correct its trajectory means it only needs rough aiming, in turn saving a considerable amount of time to engage targets accurately.

Coming now to propellants, no revolutionary events have taken place since the development of TNT. HMX and RDX are the most effective explosives in common use, but their performance is not radically different from that of TNT. One of the latest developments is CL-20, which is about twice as effective as TNT. A new track of development, involving manufacture of molecules consisting solely of nitrogen atoms, has the potential of being close to 20 times more effective than TNT. This technology is very complex, and it may still take several decades before such explosives are commercially available. Fuel-air explosives (FAE) and thermobaric explosives (TBX) are often mentioned as new developments. The advantage of these types is the elongated duration of the pressure pulse, which enhances the efficiency, especially when used in confined spaces such as hardened bunkers.

The Optimum Solution

When it comes to pinpoint counter-artillery bombardments, the best lessons can be learnt from the exchanges of fire-assaults between the two Koreas. For instance, when North Korean artillery bombarded the island of Yeonpyeong in November 23, 2010, killing four, a Battery of six South Korean K-9 Thunder tracked returned fire with eighty 155mm shells, but it remains disputed whether that counter-artillery barrage was at all effective. As a result, Seoul decided to fund the development of a family of ground-launched precision-strike NLOS-SS-BSMs specially designed to rapidly take out North Korean tube/rocket artillery systems in their hardened encasements. The state-owned Agency for Defense Development (ADD) partnered with Hanwha Corp and spent three years and the equivalent of around $418 million developing the NLOS-SS-BSMs.

Though the KTSSM-1 has a shorter range of 120km—still adequate for the role—its GPS-guidance system is five times more precise, with half of all shots landing within a 2-metre radius of the target, instead of 10 metres for the ATacMS. The KTSSM-1 “Artillery Killer” consists of a fixed launcher that can discharge all four of its tactical ballistic missiles in a matter of seconds. Reportedly, the launcher and missiles combined cost roughly $1.9 million each. The missile’s shaped thermal penetrating warhead allows it to penetrate up to 1.5 metres of intervening concrete.

Following the South Korean example, the US too is expediting the development of such NLOS-SS-BSMs, albeit with longer ranges of up to 500km. Lockheed Martin has developed the PrSM, while Raytheon has developed the DSM. Such futuristic NLOS-SS-BSMs will be offered with two warhead options: shaped thermal penetrating warhead, and another containing SFMs, since the combination of both these types of warheads is widely regarded as being the optimum counter-artillery bombardment solution.

Pakistan Army & Pakistan Rangers Field Artillery Dispositions Along LoC & WB

Sites targetted by the Indian Army & BSF inside PoK & Pakistan between January 2019 and April 15, 2020 comprise the Neelum Valley (Dudhnial, Jura, Athmuqam), Leepa Valley, Macchil, Tithwal, Chakothi, Mirpur, Rawalakot, Tatta Pani, Samanhi, Basghsar, Mandhole, Bhimber, Kotli, Sialkot, Bajwat, Chaprar, Charwah and Shakargarh.

Sites targetted by the Pakistan Army & Pakistan Rangers inside India’s Jammu & Kashmir UT  between January 2019 and April 15, 2020 comprise Tangdhar, Baramulla, Uri, Charunda, Manjakote, Qasba, Kirni, Mendhar, Krishna Ghati, Bhimber Gali, Nowshera, Sundarbani, Samba, Pallanwala, Hiranagar, Kathua, Ranbir Singh Pura, Akhnoor, Arnia and Balakote.

PA Gunpits at Arang Kel

PA Helipad & Gunpits at Machal

PA Pattu Cantonment

PA Gunpits in Gultari

PA Logistics Depot in Oltinthang

PA Helipads in Oltinthang

PA Gunpits North of Drass

PA Gunpits North of Tiger Hill

PA Gunpits North of Batalik

PA Gunpits West of Batalik

PA Logistics & Helicopter Base at Goma

PA Gunpits at Gyari

PA Gunpits at Siari

PA Gunpits West of Turtok-1

PA Gunpits West of Turtok-2

PA Gunpits West of Turtok-3

PA Gunpits at Sharda Peeth

PA Gunpits North of Dudhnial

PA Gunpits West of Kupwara

PA Gunpits North of Keran-1

PA Gunpits North of Keran-2

PA Gunpits North of Keran-3

PA Gunpits Opposite Keran

PA Gunpit at Salkhala, Athmuqam

PA Gunpits Opposite Tangdhar

PA Gunpits at Hattian Bala Opposite Baramulla

PA Gunpits at Kutan Gali

PA Gunpits at Jura

PA Gunpits Opposite Tithwal

PA Gunpits at Chakothi

PA Gunpits at Leepa-1

PA Gunpits at Leepa-2

PA Gunpits at Leepa-3

PA Gunpits at Leepa-4

PA Gunpits at Leepa-5

PA Gunpits South of Charunda

PA Gunpits Northeast of Haji Pir Pass

PA Gunpits in Uri Bulge-1

PA Gunpits in Uri Bulge-2

PA Helipad & Gunpits South of Uri

PA Gunpits Opposite Tumina

PA Gunpits West of Balakote

PA Gunpits South of Baghsar

PA  Administrative Base in Baghsar

PA Gunpits at Khuiratta

PA Gunpit at Tatta Pani

PA Gunpits & Helipads at Horran Opposite Poonch

PA Administrative Base, Chirikot

PA Administrative Base in Samanhi

Working Boundary

Pakistan Rangers Base East of Jaurian

Pakistan Rangers Base South of Akhnoor

Pakistan Rangers Gunpits South of Hiranagar

Pakistan Rangers Gunpits South of Ramgarh

Pakistan Rangers Gunpits South of Samba

Pakistan Rangers Gunpits Southwest of Kathua

Pakistan Rangers Gunpits West of Pallanwala

PA Helipads & Gunpits North of Chammb

PA Gunpits North-East of Chammb

PA Helipads & Gunpits in Chammb

PA Gunpits Opposite Jaurian

PA Gunpits Opposite Jammu

PA Gunpits Opposite Battal

PA Gunpits Northwest of Pallanwala

PA Gunpits Southwest of Qasba

PA Gunpits North of Kirni

PA Gunpits North of Shahpur